Safely creating new directories using the Node.js File System API

How to safely create directories using the native file system module in Node.js?

A usual way to create a directory in Node.js is:

const fs = require('fs')

fs.mkdir('/path/to/new/directory', (err) => {
    // Callback code
})

If the /path/to/new/directory directory already exists, this will fail with the following error:

Error: EEXIST: file already exists, mkdir '/path/to/new/directory'

If the /path/to/new directory (the parent of the directory that we are trying to create) does not exist, this will also fail:

Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory, mkdir '/path/to/new/directory'

In Node.js 10.12.0 and above, it is possible to have these two cases handled automatically by passing the { recursive: true } option to mkdir:

const fs = require('fs')

fs.mkdir('/path/to/new/directory', { recursive: true }, (err) => {
    // Callback code
})

This code will create the /path/to/new/directory directory at the desired destination regardless of whether /path/to/new, /path/to, and /path exist. If the parent directory (or directories) doesn't exist, it will recursively create them. It also won't return an error if /path/to/new/directory already exists.

Importantly, the { recursive: true } option makes the mkdir calls idempotent, meaning that if you execute the same code over again, nothing will change and you won't get errors such as file already exists.

Note that mkdir can still fail for a number of other reasons such as insufficient permissions, full disk, and so on.

The { recursive: true } option for mkdir was introduced in Node.js 10.12.0 and is not supported in earlier versions. Various third-party libraries can be used in place of native mkdir that offer the same functionality. These include mkdirp, fs-extra, make-dir, and others.